Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
Proximate and Phytochemical Compositions of Ricinus communis in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria
Current Issue
Volume 3, 2016
Issue 5 (September)
Pages: 96-101   |   Vol. 3, No. 5, September 2016   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 121   Since Aug. 6, 2016 Views: 1449   Since Aug. 6, 2016
Authors
[1]
Akinyemi O., Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[2]
E. W. Iyebor, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[3]
C. O. Osadebe, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[4]
N. S. Oniroko, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abstract
The analyses of seeds of Ricinus communis collected from Ibadan, South Western Nigeria were carried out to determine its proximate and phytochemical compositions. The proximate analysis showed that the percentage of crude fat was greater than that of crude protein followed by the percentage of crude fibre, moisture and ash respectively. The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and total carbohydrate were 6.397, 26.64, 59.43, 12.72, 3.177 and 4.360% respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed presence of Alkaloids (+++), Cardiac Glycosides (++), Saponins (+++), Tannins (+), Flavonoids (+), Phenol (++), Phobatannin (+) and Anthraquinone (+). The quantitative analysis showed varying concentrations of alkaloids (0.8815 cmol/kg), cardiac glycosides (0.0745 cmol/kg), saponins (1.2315 cmol/kg), flavonoids (0.0022 cmol/kg) and phenol (0.0905 cmol/kg). Other constituents investigated in castor bean seeds such as steroids, terpene, cardenolides and chalcones were completely absent. The percentages of crude protein and fat obtained as well as phytochemical constituents present suggest that Ricinus communis seeds could be a good source of protein for humans consumption and livestock feeding, oil for industrial uses and medicine for treating various ailments.
Keywords
Castor Bean Seeds, Proximate, Phytochemicals, Ricin Detoxification
Reference
[1]
Akande, T. O., Odunsi, A. A., Olabode, O. S. and Ojediran, T. K. (2012). Physical and natural characterisation of raw and processed Castor (Ricinus communis) seeds in Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 8(1): 89–95.
[2]
Oplinger, E. S., Oelke, E. A., Kaminski, A. R., Combs, S. M., Doll, J. D. and Schuler, R. T. (1990). Castor Beans: Alternative Field Crops Manuel, Wisconsin and Minnesota Universities, USA. Pp 181.
[3]
Sani, U. M. and Sule, M. I. (2007). Anti-fertility activity of methanol extracts of three different seed varieties of Ricinus communis Linn. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 6(2): 79–83.
[4]
Bafor, M., Smith, M., Jonsson, L., Stobart, K., and Stymnes, S. (1991). Ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol assembly in microbial preparations from developing Castor Bean (Ricinus comunis) endosperm. Journal of Biochemistry. 280: 507–514.
[5]
Salihu, B. Z., Gana, A. K. and Apuyor, B. O. (2012). Castor oil plant (Ricinus communis): Batony, Ecology and uses. International Journal of Science and Research. 2319–7064.
[6]
Kirtikar, K. K. and Basu, B. D. (2000). India Medicinal Plants. Second Edition. Allahabad: Oriental Enterprise. Pp 1511.
[7]
Singh, P. P. Chauhan, S. M. S. (2009). Activity guided isolation of antioxidants from the leaves of Ricinus communis L. Journal of Food Chemistry. 114(3): 1069–1072.
[8]
Anil, K. S., Rohit, G., Vinod, K. G. and Ajudhia, N. K. (2010). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of Ricinus communis Linn leaves extracts and its flavonoids content in Wistar rats. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2(5): 690–695.
[9]
Ilavarasan, R., Mallika, M. and Venkataraman, S. (2006). Journal of Ethnophaamacology. 103: 478–480.
[10]
Shokeen, P., Anand, P., Murali, Y. K. and Tandon V. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Ricinus communis and its purified fractions. Journal of Food and Chemical Toxicology. 46: 3458–3466.
[11]
Rama Rao, S. V. (2004). Vegetable Protein Supplements in Poultry Diets. Availabe at: http://www.poulvet.com/index.php
[12]
Nsa, E. E. and Ukachukwu, S. N. (2007). Determination of the true metabolizable energy of raw and thermal treated Castor Bean (Ricinus communis) using finisher broilers. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Calabar. Pp 287–289.
[13]
AOAC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Fift Edition, Arlington, VA.
[14]
Sofowora, E. A. (1975): Antihypertensive agents from natural sources. University of Ife Press, Nigeria. Pp 14-80.
[15]
Trease, G. E. and Evans, W. C. (1989): A Textbook of Pharmacologynosoy. Eleventh Edition Bailliese, Tindall, London. Pp. 397-531.
[16]
Harborne J. B. (1973): Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Chapman A & Hall. London. Pp 49-188.
[17]
Brunner, J. H. (1984): Direct Spectrophotometer Determination of Saponin. Anal. Chem. Pp 34.
[18]
Bouba, A. A., Njintang, N. Y., Foyet, H. S., Scher, J., Montet, D. and Mbofung, C. M. (2012). Proximate composition, mineral and vitamin C content of some wild plants used as spices in Cameroon. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences. 3: 423–432.
[19]
Ayoola, P. B., Adeyeye, A. and Onawumi, O. O. (2012). Chemical evaluation of food value of groundnut (Arachi hypogaea) seeds. American Journal of Food and Nutrition. 2(3). 55–57.
[20]
Jones, M. M., Johnson, D. O., Netterville, J. T., Wood, J. J. and Joesten, M. D. (1985). Chemistry and Society. Fift Edition, Saunders College Publishers, USA. 521–577.
[21]
Pamela, C. C, Richard, A. H. and Denise, R. F. (2005). Lippincotts Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry. Third Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. Pp 335–388.
[22]
Akpabio, U. D. and Ikpe, E. E. (2013). Proximate composition and nutrient analysis of Aneilema aequinoctiale leaves. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research. 3(2): 55–61.
[23]
Jimoh, F. O. and Oladiji, A. T. (2005). Preliminary studies on Piliostigma thonningii seeds: proximate analysis, mineral composition and phytochemical screening. African Journal of Biotechnology. 4(12): 1439–1442.
[24]
Onwuka, G. I. (2005). Food Analysis and Instrumentation: Theory and Practice. Naphthalic Prints, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. Pp 219–230.
[25]
Akinpelu, D. A. and Onakoya, T. M. (2006). Antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants used in folklore remedies in South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Biotechnology. 5:1078–1081.
[26]
Roa, R. R., Babu, R. M. and Rao, M. R. V. (1995). Saponins as anti-carcinogens. Journal of Nutrition. 125: 717–724.
[27]
Iyebor, E. W. (2006). Chemical composition of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Unpublished B. Sc thesis. Department of Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar.
[28]
Damintoti, K., Mamoudou, H. D., Jacques, S. and Alfred, S. T. (2005). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polyphenols from ethnomedicinal plants of Burkina Faso. African Journal Biotechnology. 4(8): 823–828.
[29]
Slattery, M. L., Benson, J., Ma, K., Curtin, K. N., Schaeffer, D., and Potter, J. D. (2000). Carotenoids and Colon cancer. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 71: 575–582.
[30]
Krishnaiah, D., Devi, T., Bomo, A. and Sarbatty, R. (2009). Studies on phytochemical constituents of six Malaysian medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 3(2): 67–72.
[31]
Staut, D. (2007). Studies of New View on Biology of Flavonoids. Oregun State University, USA. Pp 121.
[32]
Frankel, E. (1995). Nutritional benefits of flavonoids. International Conference on Food Factors: Chemistry and Cancer Prevention. Hamamatsu, Japan. 2–6.
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved