Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
Anti-typhoidal and Toxicity Effect of the Combined Extracts of Monetes kerstingii, Mitragyna inermis and Boswellia dalzielii
Current Issue
Volume 3, 2016
Issue 2 (April)
Pages: 6-10   |   Vol. 3, No. 2, April 2016   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 134   Since Jul. 29, 2016 Views: 1562   Since Jul. 29, 2016
Authors
[1]
Zumbes Hosea Jwan, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[2]
Nanfa Ponlir, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[3]
Dabo Diana Adah, Department of General Health Services, Plateau State College of Health Technology, Zawan, Jos, Nigeria.
[4]
Azi Hezikiah Yusuf, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[5]
David Veronica Ekpiwre, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
[6]
Anejo-Okopi Joseph, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Abstract
The combined extracts of Monetes kerstingii flower, Mitragyna inermis root and Boswellia dalzielii bark were screened for their antimicrobial activity on Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi. These combined plants were also screened for their phytochemical properties as well as toxicity profile on Mice. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the combined extracts together with the MIC, were determined using agar well diffusion and broth dilution method respectively. The susceptibility of the test organisms to the plants extracts was dose dependent. The ethanolic extract had stronger antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition of 20mm against S. Paratyphi than the aqueous extract, which had 17mm. Meanwhile, the aqueous extract exhibited stronger antibacterial activity of 20mm against S. Typhi when compared with 18mm of the ethanolic extract. Both organisms had MICs of 12.5mg/ml for ethanolic extract. S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi had MICs of 12.5mg/ml and 25mg/ml respectively for aqueous extract. The MBC of S. Typhi was found to be 100mg/ml for ethanolic extract. S. Paratyphi had MBC of 200mg/ml for ethanolic extract. The MBC of the aqueous extract for S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi were 200mg/ml and 400mg/ml respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, resins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, anthraquinones, steroids and terpenoids. The combined extract was non-toxic orally, but moderately toxic intraperitoneally with an LD50 of 4472.14mg/kg body weight in Mice. Thus the traditional claims of the oral use of these combined plants extracts in the treatment of typhoid fever is therefore justified.
Keywords
Anti-typhoidal, Toxicity, Extracts, Monetes kerstingii, Mitragyna inermis and Boswellia dalzielii
Reference
[1]
Doughari JH. Antibacterial activity of Tamrindus indica Linn. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2006; 5: 597-603.
[2]
Timothy SY, Helga BI, Bomai HI, Musa AH. Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Study of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Mitragyna inermis bark in Albino rats. International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2015; 5(1): 24-32.
[3]
World Health Organization. Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, Vaccines and Biologicals: The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of typhoid fever. Background Document. WHO, 2003, V&B/03.07 1-48.
[4]
Yahaya O, Yabefa AJ and Usman B. Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Combretum glutinosum Extract against Some Human Pathogens. British Journal of Pharmacology an d Toxicology, 2012; 3(5): 233-236.
[5]
Konkon NG, Adjoungouna AL, Manda P, Simaga DN, Guessan KE, Kone BD. Toxicological and phytochemical screening of Mitragyna inermis (Wild) O Ktze (Rubiaceae), antidiabetic plant. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 2008; 2(10): 279-284.
[6]
Timothy SY, Goji SY, AbdussalamB, Mava Y, and Galadima IH. Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of the ethanolic leaf extract of azadirachta indica (neem) (meliaceae). International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2011; 2(3): 1-6.
[7]
Burkill HM. Useful plants of West Tropical Africa: Cassia species. Fioterapia, 1985; 61: 336-369.
[8]
Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy; 13th Ed; ECBS/Baillere Tindal, United Kingdom, 1989; 474-475.
[9]
Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacognosy. 15th edition, Bailliere Tindal, London: 2002; pp. 34-37.
[10]
Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI.(2006). Performance standards for antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests. Approved standard. 9th ed. CLSI document M2-A9, Wayne, Pa; 231-254.
[11]
Lino A, Deogracious, O. The In vitro antimicrobial activity of Annona senegalensis, Securidacca longipendiculata and Steganotaenia araliaca: Uganda Medicinal plants. African Health Sciences, 2006; 6(1): 31-35.
[12]
Mbah JM, Ngemenya AL, Babaiaka SB, Nubed LN, Nyongdela KD, Lemuth, ND, Efange SMN. Bioassay-guided discovery of antibacterial agents: In vitro screening of Peromia vulcania, Peperomia fernandopoioana and Scleria striatinux. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2012; 11: 10.
[13]
Junaid SA, Olabode AO. Onwuliri FC, Okwori AEJ, Agina SE. The antimicrobial potency and Synergistic Effect of certain plant extracts against Food-borne Diarrheagenic Bacteria. International Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2006; 2: 99-102.
[14]
Fluck H. Medicinal plants and their uses. W. Feulshams and Co. Ltd. New York, 1973; pp 7-15.
[15]
Abdulazeez AT, Kabele-Toge B, Lawal M, Abubakar G. Phytochemical, Antibacterial and Toxicological Studies of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia dalzielli. African Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 2013; 5(1): 61-67.
[16]
Lorke D. A new Approach to Practical Acute Toxicity Testing. Archieve of Toxicology, 1983; 53:275-289.
[17]
Wakirwa JH, Yawate UE, Zakama SG, Muazu J. Madu SJ. Phytochemical and Antibacterial Screening of the Methanol Leaf Extract of Mitragyna Inermi. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation,2013; 6: 1-6.
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved