Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
The Incidence of Multidrug Resistance in Some Selected Gram Negative Clinical Isolates
Current Issue
Volume 4, 2019
Issue 1 (January)
Pages: 20-26   |   Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2019   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 19   Since Mar. 5, 2019 Views: 905   Since Mar. 5, 2019
Authors
[1]
Esther Ugonma Akomolafe, Department of Biological Sciences, Oduduwa University Ipetumodu, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria.
[2]
Abdulwasiu Temitope Olayiwola, Department of Biological Sciences, Oduduwa University Ipetumodu, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria.
[3]
Joyce Titilayo Ogidan, Department of Biological Sciences, Oduduwa University Ipetumodu, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria.
Abstract
The increase and widespread in the incidence or multidrug resistant pathogens is a major reason to be concerned as this could lead to the possible re-emergence of some diseases that have been controlled over the years. This study was aimed at assessing the incidence of multidrug resistance in selected Gram negative isolates obtained from Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun state. A total of forty (40) isolates were obtained from medical microbiology laboratory of the above hospital and of these, Twenty (20) were confirmed as Klebsiella spp., Eight (8) as E. coli, and twelve (12) as Pseudomonas species from morphological and cultural appearance on selective media, Gram staining and biochemical identification on Microbact 24E. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the identified isolates was investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, while the incidence of multidrug resistance was determined as described by as those isolates that are resistant to at least one agent in at least three classes of antibiotics tested. It can be deduced from the result of this study that eleven of the twenty (55%) Klebsiella spp tested, eight of the twelve (66.6%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, four of the eight (50%) E. coli isolates were seen to be resistance to three or more classes of the antibiotic tested and this qualifies them to be regarded as multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates. From the class of antibiotics tested Klebsiella spp shows 85%, 82%, 40%, and 32% resistance to the Beta-lactams, floroquinolones, Nitrofurans and Aminoglycoside respectively. E. coli isolates also shows 80%, 62%, 50% and 37% resistance to the Beta-lactams, floroquinolones, Aminoglycosides and Nitrofurans respectively while 66% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistance to both the Beta-lactams and floroquinolones, 75% to Nitrofurans, Interestingly, 50% were resistance to Aminoglycosides which is regarded as the first line drug for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The result of this study revealed that the incidence of multidrug resistance is high A higher resistance was observed in P. aeruginosa in comparison to the resistance level in E. coli and Klebsiella spp. These Multidrug resistant Bacteria are implicated in nosocomial infections resulting in costly treatment prolonged stay in the hospital.
Keywords
Incidence, Multi-Drug Resistance, Isolates, Resistance, Antibiotic
Reference
[1]
Finch, R., Greenwood, D., Norrby, S. R., and Whitley, R. J. (2010). Antibiotic and Chemotherapy: Anti-Infective Agents and their Use in Therapy, Edinburgh; New York: Saunders Elsevier, 9: 45-49.
[2]
Smith, A. (2004). Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics. In Hugo and Russell’s pharmaceutical Microbiology, Denyer, S. P. Gorman (Eds). Blackwell Science, Massachusetts, USA.
[3]
Furuya, E. Y. and Lowy, F. D. (2006). Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in the Community Setting. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 4 (1); 36-45.
[4]
Ndihokubwayo, J. B., Yahaya, A. A., Desta, A. T., Ki-Zerbo, G. and Odei, E. A. (2013). Antimicrobial resistance in the African region: Issues, challenges and actions proposed. African Health Monitoring Journals 16: 27-30.
[5]
Amin, A., Ghumro, P. B., Hussain, S. and Hameed, A. (2009). Prevalence of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a Tertiary care Hospital in Pakistan. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 5 (2): 81-86.
[6]
Grabe, M., Bjerklund-Johansen, T. E., and Botto, H. (2013). Guidelines on Urological infections. European Association of Urology, 1-16.
[7]
Okonko, I. O., Soleye, F. A., Amusan, T. A., Ogun, A. A., Ogunnusi, T. A. and Ejembi, J. (2009) Incidence of Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) Organisms in Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria. Global Journal of Pharmacology 3 (2): 69-80.
[8]
Rebecca R. Roberts., Bala Hota., Ibrar Ahmad R., Douglas Scott. II., Susan D Foster., Fauzia Abbasi., Shari Schabowski., Linda M. Kampe., Ginevra G. Ciavarella., Mark Supino., Jeremy Naples., Ralph Cordell., Stuart B. Levy., Robert A. Weinstein (2009) Hospital and societal costs of antimicrobial resistant infections in a Chicago teaching hospital: Implications for antibiotic stewardship. Clinical Infectious Diseases 49 (8): 1175-1184.
[9]
Omololu-Aso, J., Omololu-Aso, O. O., Adekanye, A., Owolabi, T. A. and Shesha, A. (2017) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolates from Clinical Sources at Tertiary Health Care Setting, Ile Ife, South Western Nigeria. European Journal of Experimental Microbiology, 7: 5.
[10]
Aarestrup, F. M., Wegener, H. C. and Collignon, P. (2008). Resistance in Bacteria of the Food Chain: Epidemiology and control strategies. Expert Review of Anti Infection Therapy; 6: 733-750.
[11]
Skaar, E. P. (2010). The Battle for iron between Bacterial pathogens and their vertebrate hosts. Public Library of science, Pathogens. 6 (8).
[12]
Aloush, V., Navon-Venezia, S., Seigman-Igra, Y., Cabili, S., and Carmeli, Y. (2006). Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: risk factors and clinical impact. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50 (1): 43-48.
[13]
Akomolafe, E. Ugonma., Adewoyin, A. Esther., Wemambu I. Irene (2016) Prevalence of Aminoglycoside Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 11 (1): 19-23.
[14]
Richa, G., Abida, M., Meher, R., and Moied Ahmed, S. (2016). Incidence of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas spp. in ICU Patients with Special Reference to ESBL, AMPC, MBL and Biofilm Production. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 8 (1): 25-31.
[15]
Danesh, Moradigaravand., Veronique, Martin., Sharon, J. P. and Julian, P. (2017) Evolution and Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia in the United Kingdom and Ireland. mBIO an Open access Journal published by American society for Microbiology., (8) 1: e01976-16.
[16]
Gupta, A. Semin Perinatol. (2002) Hospital acquired infections in the neonatal intensive care unit – Klebsiella pneumoniae. US National library of Medicine, National institutes of Health. 26 (5): 340-345.
[17]
Podder, M. P., Rogers, L., Daley, P. K, Keefe, G. P., Whitnney, H. G. and Tahlan, K. (2014). Klebsiella Species associated with Bovine Mastitis in New found land. Public Library of Science ONE9 (9): e106518.
[18]
Overdevest, I. T., Willemsen, I. and Rjinsburger, M. (2011) Extended spectrum of B-lactamase genes of Escherichia coli in chicken meat and humans, the Neetherlands. Journal of emerging infectious diseases. 17: 1216-1222.
[19]
Nordmann, P., Cuzon, G., and Naas, T. (2009). There al threat of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase producing bacteria. The Lancet infectious Diseases. 9, 228-236.
[20]
Foxman, B. (2010). The Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection. National review of Urology, 7: 653-660.
[21]
Clegg. S. and Murphy, C. N. (2016) Epidemiology and virulence of Klebsiella pneumonia. Microbiology Spectrum, 4 (1).
[22]
Baucer A. W, Kirby W. M. M, Sherris J. C and Turck M (1996); Antiobiotics susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 4: 493-496.
[23]
Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (2017). M100-S17. Performance standard for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 16th informational supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, Wayne, PA.
[24]
Magiorakos, A. P. (2012). Multidrug Resistant, extensively drug-resistant bacteria: An international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Journal of Clinical Microbiology and infections, 18 (3): 268-281.
[25]
Akingbade, O. A., Balogun, S. A., Ojo, D. A., Afolabi, R. A., Okerentugba, P. O., Okonko, I. O., (2012) Plasmid profile analysis of multidtug rsistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound infections in southwestern Nigeria: world applied science journal 20 (6): 766-755.
[26]
Akomolafe, E. U., Adewoyin, A. E., Wemambu I. I., Olayiwola A. T., (2016) Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained in Ile Ife. Science Focus 21 (1): 30-36.
[27]
Magdalenade Jesús Uribe-Beltran, Yesmi Patricia Ahumada-Santos, Sylvia Paz Díaz-Camacho, Carlos Alberto Eslava-Campos, Jesús Ernesto Reyes -Valenzuela, María ElenaBaez-Flores, Ignacio Osuna – Ramírez and Francisco Delgado-Vargas (2017). Journal of Medical Microbiology 66: 972-980.
[28]
Hiroshi, Nikaido. And Nagano, K., (2009) Kinetic behavior of the major multidrug efflux pumps AcrB of Escherichia coli. Procedures of National Academy of Science, USA; 106: 5854-58.
[29]
Balsam, A. G. and Nossiba, O. A. (2016). Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamase producing Escherichia coli in Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Patients. African Journal of Medical Sciences 1 (3).
[30]
Bilal NE, Gedebou M (2000) Clinical and Community strains of Klebsiella pneumonia; Multiple and Increasing rates of Antibiotic Resistance in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Br Biomed Science 57: 185-191.
[31]
Atinuke, E., Joseph, O. A. and Olutobi, O. O. (2017), Antibiotic Susceptibility pattern of E. coli isolated from out-patient individuals at the university college hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of infectious diseases and treatments, 3 (1): 1.
[32]
Naveen, Q., Muhammed, A. D. and Syed, M. I. (2013) Multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing urinary tract Infection in pregnant women. International Journal of Pathology. 11 (2): 45-49.
[33]
Angus, N. O., Dennis, E. E., Thaddeus, H. G., Ifeanyi, E. U and Chibueze, P. I. (2017) Multi – antibiotic resistant extended – spectrum beta–lactamase producing bacteria pose a challenge to the effective treatment of wound and skin infections. The Pan African Medical Journal. 27: 66.
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved