Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
A Perspective on Interaction between Lipid and Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) in Developing Insulin Resistance
Current Issue
Volume 1, 2014
Issue 1 (February)
Pages: 8-12   |   Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2014   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 14   Since Aug. 28, 2015 Views: 1914   Since Aug. 28, 2015
Authors
[1]
Sheriff D. S , Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
[2]
Younis, M. Y. G , Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
[3]
Elshaari F. A , Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
[4]
Negia Abdalla Mohamed , Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
[5]
Hanan Issa Ali El Kuwaila , Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
[6]
Sara Ali Sh. Abdalla , Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
[7]
Rajea Elfaghi , Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
Abstract
There is a reciprocal relationship between glucose and fatty acid oxidation. Over nutrition or obesity causes perturbation in this reciprocal metabolic interrelationship leading to “metabolic inflexibility” resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction causing insulin resistance. Excess fat intake in obesity results in an inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in the adipose tissue accompanied by increased BCAA catabolism in skeletal muscle. This results in an increase in the levels of acyl carnitines which impair insulin action. It is suggested that serum acyl carnitine levels could therefore be taken as markers of insulin resistance.
Keywords
Branched Chain Amino Acids(BCAA), Metabolic Inflexibility, Acyl Carnitines, Insulin Resistance (IR)
Reference
[1]
Sheriff D.S. Introduction to metabolism. In. Medical Biochemistry (Text Book), Jaypee Medical publishers, New Delhi.2004
[2]
Morino K, Petersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, Frattini J, Shatzkes N, Neschen S, White MF, Bilz S, Sono S, Pypaert M, Shulman GI. Reduced mitochondrial density and increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic parents. J Clin Invest 2005;115:3587–3593
[3]
Kelley DE, He J, Menshikova EV, Ritov VB. Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002;51:2944–2950
[4]
Ritov VB, Menshikova EV, He J, Ferrell RE, Goodpaster BH, Kelley DE. Deficiency of subsarcolemmal mitochondria in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2005;54:8–14.
[5]
Petersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, Garcia R, Shulman GI. Impaired mitochondrial activity in the insulin-resistant offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2004;350:664–671
[6]
Rondinone CM. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 is reduced and IRS-2 is the main docking protein for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in adipocytes from subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 4171-4175.
[7]
Kim YB, Nikoulina SE, Ciaraldi TP, Henry RR, Kahn BB. Normal insulin-dependent activation of Akt/protein kinase B, with diminished activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,in muscle in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest 1999; 104: 733-741
[8]
Houstis N, Rosen ED, Lander ES. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 2006;440:944–948
[9]
Bains JR, Stevens RD, Wenner BR, Ilkayeva O, Muoio DM and Newgard CB. Metabolomics applied to diabetes research: moving from information to knowledge. Diabetes 2009;58: 2429-2443.
[10]
Koves TR, Li P, An J, Stentz D, Ilkayeva D, Akimoto et al. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor –gamma co-activator 1 alpha ; metabolic remodeling of skeletal myocytes mimcs exercise training and reverses lipid-induced mitochondrial inefficiency. J Biol Chem 2005;280: 33588-33598.
[11]
Stephen L. Aronoff, Kathy Berkowitz, Barb Shreiner, and Laura Want, Glucose Metabolism and Regulation: Beyond Insulin and Glucagon. Diabetes Spectrum 2004 ;17:183-190
[12]
Randle DJ. Regulating interaction between lipid and carbohydrate ; the glucose-fatty acid cycle after 35 years. Diabetes Metab Rev 1998;14:263-283.
[13]
McGarry.J.D. Banting lecture.2001: dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2001;51: 7-18.
[14]
Kelley DE and Mandarino LJ. Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a re-examination. Diabetes 2000;49: 677-683.
[15]
Sparks LM, Xie H,Koza R, Mynatt R, Hulver MW, Bray GA et al. A high fat diet coordinately down regulates genes required for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Diabetes 2005;54: 1926-1933.
[16]
Gaitanos, G.C., C. Williams, L.H. Boobis, and S. Brooks (1993). Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.1993 75:712–719
[17]
Guillet C, Delcourt I, Rance M, Giraudet C, Walrand S, Bedu M, Duche P, Boirie Y.J Changes in basal and insulin and amino acid response of whole body and skeletal muscle proteins in obese men. Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94(8):3044-50.
[18]
NewgardCB,An J, Bain JR, Muehlbauer ,J, Stevens RD, Lien LF, Haqq AM, et al.. A branched chain amino acid- A branched related metabolic signature that differentiate obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2009;9: 311-326.
[19]
Yazmin Macotela, Brice Emanuelli, Anneli M. Ba˚ng, Daniel O. Espinoza, Jeremie Boucher, Kirk Beebe , et al. Dietary Leucine - An Environmental Modifier of Insulin Resistance Acting on Multiple Levels of Metabolism. PLoS ONE 2011; 6 ( 6):e21187.
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved