[1]
Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag, Department of Crop Protection, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
[2]
Azhari Omer Abdelbagi, Department of Crop Protection, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
[3]
Ahmed Mohammed Ali Hammad, Department of Crop Protection, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
[4]
Abdullatief Mohammed Abdurruhman, Department of Crop Protection, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan; Department of Plant Protection, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey.
[5]
Mohammed Osman Mohammed Sir El Khatim, Department of Crop Protection, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
The fumigant action of aqueous: ethyl acetate extract (95:5 v/v) from the Chinese cultivar was investigated against the adult stage of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Garlic extracts were prepared by 24 hrs soaking of garlic powder in water: ethyl acetate solution (95:5% v/v). The tests were done under concentrations of 0.1%, 1%, 5% and 10%. The bioassay was done in jute sacs placed in glass chambers with sliding doors. The result indicated that the water: ethyl acetate extract was as equally effective as steam distilled or readymade extracts. The median lethal doses (LD50s) for the extracts after 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours were 0.59, 1.38, 0.44, 0.38 and 0.12%, respectively. While the respective LD90s values were 35, 17.79, 7.12, 6.50 and 1.92%. On the other hand, the median lethal times (LT50) values at concentrations 10, 5, 1 and 0.1% were 12.27, 13.9, 34 and 68 hours following the similar order, whereas the respective LT90s values were 6.926, 22.54, 53.05, and 52.68 hours. Mortality was exposure period and concentration dependent. The responses of test insects were found to be homogenous as indicated by the steep slope of probit lines. Based on the current results 90% mortality can be achieved at a concentration of 5% within 24 hrs exposure in jute sacs. No significant recoveries observed for 4 days following exposure and few non-significant cases of malformation were observed.
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