Welcome to Open Science
Contact Us
Home Books Journals Submission Open Science Join Us News
Physico-Chemical Parameters and Macro-Benthos of Ediene Stream, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Current Issue
Volume 2, 2014
Issue 5 (October)
Pages: 112-121   |   Vol. 2, No. 5, October 2014   |   Follow on         
Paper in PDF Downloads: 74   Since Aug. 28, 2015 Views: 2889   Since Aug. 28, 2015
Authors
[1]
Ofonmbuk Ime Obot, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environmental Management, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo - 520001, Nigeria.
[2]
Imaobong Emmanuel Ekpo, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environmental Management, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo - 520001, Nigeria.
[3]
Emem Friday Esau, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environmental Management, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo - 520001, Nigeria.
Abstract
Physico-chemical parameters and macro-benthos of Ediene Stream in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were studied from January to June 2013. Water and benthic organisms’ samples were collected monthly from three sampling stations along the stream. Mean values of air temperature of 27.31± 0.35oC; water temperature of 27.18±0.16oC; transparency 2.51±0.32m; pH 6.54±0.13; Electrical Conductivity (EC) 27.23±7.00µS/cm; Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 15.90±4.38mg/l; total suspended solid 2.38±0.90mg/l; Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 8.21±0.98mg/L; Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 3.45±0.60mg/l; acidity 42.29±5.81mg/l; alkalinity 32.89±5.52mg/l and chloride 42.80±3.79mg/l were recorded. There was no significant (p<0.05) spatial variation for all the parameters except for transparency. Of the five parameters that showed significant seasonal variations, air temperature was higher in the dry season than in the wet season while TSS, DO, BOD and acidity, all had higher wet season values than dry season. Three classes of macro-benthos were encountered; comprising of seventeen 17 families and 18 species. Insecta was the most abundant (89.15 %) with 16 species while the least abundant was Clitellata (5.19%). Apart from Insecta, other classes were represented by one species each. The number of individuals and species decreased downstream. Margalef species diversity was highest in station 2 while species evenness was highest in station 3. All the classes of macro-benthos were more abundant in the dry season than in the wet season but Clitellata was the only class that showed a significant (p<0.05) seasonal difference.The abundance and diversity of the macro-benthoswere affected by parameters like air temperature, pH, EC, DO and BOD.The decreases of macro-benthos downstream, high DO and BOD may be indications of pollution and stress from anthropogenic sources.
Keywords
Physico-Chemical, Macro-Benthos, Abundance, Ediene Stream, Nigeria
Reference
[1]
Woke, G.N. and Wokoma, I.P. Effect of organic waste pollution on the macro-benthic organisms of Elechi creek, Port Harcourt. African Journal of Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology 2007; 9: 26 – 30.
[2]
Moses, B.S. Introduction to tropical fisheries. University Press, Ibadan, 1983; pp105.
[3]
Adakole, J.A. and Annune, P.A. Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of environmental quality of an urban stream, Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Journal of Aquatic Science2003; 18(2):85-92.
[4]
Ezekiel,E.N. and Hart,A. The fish species assemblage in the flood plains of Odhioku-Ekpeye, Niger Delta. Int’l J Sci Technol 2002; 1: 54- 59.
[5]
Ajao, E.A. and Fagade, S.O. The benthic macroinfauna of Lagos Lagoon. The Zoologist 2002; 1(2): 1-5.
[6]
Ravera, O. (2000). Ecological monitoring for water body management. Proceedings of monitoring tailor-made 111. International workshop on information for sustainable water management, pp: 157-167
[7]
Ikomi, R.B., Arimoro, F.O., and Odihirin, O.K. Composition, distribution and abundance of macro-invertebrates of the upper reaches of River Ethiope, Delta State, Nigeria. The Zoologist 2005; 3: 68 – 81.
[8]
Nkwoji, J.A., Yakub, A., Ajani, G.E., Balogun, K.J., Igbo, J.K, Renner, K.O., Ariyo, A. A. and Bello, B. O. Seasonal variations in the water chemistry and benthic macro invertebrates of a southwestern lagoon Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Animal Science 2010; 6: 85-92.
[9]
Udoidiong, O.M. and King, R. P. Faunal assemblages of some Nigerian rainforest stream.Journal Aquatic Science 2000; 15: 1-8.
[10]
Ekpo, I.E., Essien-Ibok, M.A. and Nkwoji, J.N. Food and feeding habits and condition factor of fish species in Qua Iboe River estuary, Akwa Ibom State, southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2014; 2(2): 38 – 46.
[11]
American Public Health Association (APHA) American Water Work Association (AWWA) and Water Pollution Control Federation (WPCF). Standard methods forthe examination of water and wastewater. American Public and Health Association, New York. 1998; 1270pp.
[12]
(APHA)-(AWWA)-(WPCF).Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 21st ed. APHA, Washington D. C. 2005; 1195pp.
[13]
Bishop, J.E.Limnology of a small Malayan River, Sungai, Grambak. W. Junk, The Hague, 1973; 485pp.
[14]
Lenat, D.R, Penrose, D.L. and Eagleson, K.W. Variable effects of sediment addition on stream benthos. Hydrobiologia 1981;79:187–194.
[15]
Victor, R. and Ogbeibu, A.E. Macro-benthic invertebrates of a stream flowing through farmlands in southern Nigeria. Environmental Pollution SeriesA 1985; 39: 337–349.
[16]
Victor R. and Ogbeibu A.E. Macro-invertebrate communities in the erosional biotope of an urban stream in Nigeria. Tropical Zoology 1991; 4: 1–12.
[17]
Day, J.A. A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa Part 1 Errantia. British Museum of Natural History, London 1967; pp 458.
[18]
Pennak, R.W. Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States, 2ndEdn. John Wiley and Sons, New York 1978; pp810.
[19]
World Health Organization (WHO). International Standards for drinking water, 4thedn. World Health Organization, Geneva 1984; pp 108.
[20]
Brown, D.S. Fresh water snails of Africa and their medical importance. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London 1994; pp 607.
[21]
Victor, R. and Al-Mahrouqi, A.I.S. Physical, chemical and faunal characteristics of a perennial stream in arid northern Oman. Journal of Arid Environments 1996; 34:465–476.
[22]
Nkwoji, J.A., Igbo, J.K., Adeleye, A.O., Obienu, J.A. and Tony-Obiagwu, M.J. Implications of bioindicators in ecological health: Study of a coastal lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Agricultural and Biological Journal of Natural Animals 2010; 1(4): 683-689.
[23]
Ajao, E.A. and Fagade, S.O. The Ecology of Capitella capitata in Lagos lagoon. Arch. Hydrobiology 1990a; 120(2):229-239.
[24]
Edokpayi, C.A. and Nkwoji, J.A. Annual changes in the physico-chemical and macrobenthic invertebrates’ characteristics of the Lagos lagoon sewage dump site at Iddo, southern Nigeria. Ecol Env Cons 2007; 13(1): 13-18.
[25]
Anyanwu, E. D. Physico-chemical and some trace metal analysis of Ogba River, Benin City, Nigeria. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 2012; 5(1):47-54.
[26]
Imoobe, T.O.T. and Obeh, I.P. Physical and chemical hydrology of River Jamieson, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Benin Science Digest 2003; 1:105-119.
[27]
Abowei, J.F.N. Salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and surface water temperature conditions in Nkoro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Adv J Food Sci Technol 2010; 2(1): 16-21.
[28]
Adebisi, A.A. The physico-chemical hydrology of a tropical seasonal river-upper Ogun River. Hydrobiologia 1981; 79:157-165
[29]
King, R.P. and Ekeh, S.I.B. Status and seasonality in the physico-chemical hydrology of a Nigerian headwater stream. Acta Hydrobiol 1990; 32(314):313-378.
[30]
Mama, D. and Ado, G. Urban lake system eutrophication- a case study. Journal of Applied Science and Management 2003; 7(2):15-20
[31]
Egborge, A.B.M. The seasonal variations and distribution of phytoplankton in the River Osun, Nigeria. Freshwater Biology1974; 4(2):171-191.
[32]
Okorafor, K.A., Effanga, E. O., Andem, A.B., George, U.U. and Amos, D.I. Spatial variation in physical and chemical parameters and macro-invertebrates in the intertidal regions of Calabar River, Nigeria. Greener Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences 2013; 1(2):63-72.
[33]
Morris, A.W. Estuarine chemistry and general survey strategy. In: Practical estuarine chemistry.(P.C. Head, ed.), Cambridge University Press 1985; pp 1-60.
[34]
Akpan, A.W. The water quality of some tropical freshwater bodies in Uyo (Nigeria) receiving municipal effluents, slaughter-house washings and agricultural land drainage. The Environmentalist 2004; 24:49 – 55.
[35]
Ekpo, I.E, Chude, L.A., Onuoha, G.C. and Udoh, J.P. Studies on the physico-chemical characteristics and nutrients of a tropical rainforest river in southeast Nigeria. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation Bioflux 2012; 5(3):142-162.
[36]
Essien-Ibok, M.A., Akpan, A.W., Udo, M.T., Chude, L.A., Umoh, I.A. and Asuquo, I.E. Seasonality in the physical and chemical Characteristics of Mbo River, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment 2010; 6(1&2): 60 – 72.
[37]
Onyema, I.C., Nkwoji, J.A. and J.O. Eruteya. The water chemistry and plankton dynamics of a tropical high energy erosion beach in Lagos. Journal of American Science 2009; 5: 13-24.
[38]
Abowei, J. F. N. and A. D. I. George. Some Physical and Chemical Characteristics in Okpoka Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Science 2009; 1 (2): 45-53.
[39]
Akpan, A.W. and Akpan, B.E. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in plankton distribution in a Nigerian tropical freshwater pond (southern Nigeria). Acta Hydrobiol 1994; 36(2): 201-211.
[40]
Moore, W.J. and Moore, E.A. (1976). Environmental Chemistry. Academic Press Inc. London. Cited in Odokuma, L.O. and Okpokwasili, G.C. Seasonal Influence of the New Calabar River, Nigeria: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, (1996), 5:1-14.
[41]
Ideriah, T.J., Amachree, O. and Stanley, H.O. Assessment of water quality along Amadi creek in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. Scientia Africana 2010; 9 (1): 150 – 162.
[42]
Ogidiaka, E., Esenowo, I.K. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. Physico-chemical parameters and benthic macroinvertebrate of Ogunpa River at Bodija, Ibadan, Oyo State. European Journal of Scientific Research 2012; 85(1): 89-97.
[43]
Adjarho, U.B., Esenowo, I.K. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. Physico-chemical parameters and macro-invertebrates fauna of Ona River at Oluyole Estate, Ibadan, Nigeria. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences2013; 5(11):671-676.
[44]
Hart, A.I. and Zabbey, N. Physico-chemical and benthic fauna of Woji Creek in the Lower Niger Delta, Nigeria. Environ Ecol 2005; 23(2), 361-368.
[45]
Ibemenuga, K.N., Nwamaka, K. and Inyang, N. Macro-invertebrate fauna of a tropical freshwater stream in Nigeria. Animal Research International 2006; 3(3):553-561.
[46]
Olomukoro, J.O. and Azubuike, C.N. Heavy metals and macro-invertebrate communities in bottom sediment of Ekpan Creek, Warri, Nigeria. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences2009; 2(1):1-8.
[47]
Awachie, J.B.E. Running Water Ecology in Africa, In: M. A. Lock and D. D, Williams (eds). Perspectives in running Water Ecology. Plenum Press. New York and London 1981; 378pp.
[48]
Nwankwo, D.I. and Akinsoji, A. Epiphyte community on water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart). Solms. in coastal waters of southwestern Nigeria. Arch Hydrobiol 1992; 124:501-511.
[49]
Burger, J. and Gochfeld, M. On developing bioindicators for human and ecological health. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 2009; 66:23-46.
[50]
Brown, C.A. and Oyenekan, J.A. Temporal variability in the structure of benthic macrofauna communities of the Lagos lagoon and harbor, Nigeria. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol 1998; 45(1):45-54.
Open Science Scholarly Journals
Open Science is a peer-reviewed platform, the journals of which cover a wide range of academic disciplines and serve the world's research and scholarly communities. Upon acceptance, Open Science Journals will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download.
CONTACT US
Office Address:
228 Park Ave., S#45956, New York, NY 10003
Phone: +(001)(347)535 0661
E-mail:
LET'S GET IN TOUCH
Name
E-mail
Subject
Message
SEND MASSAGE
Copyright © 2013-, Open Science Publishers - All Rights Reserved